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AMR Process Inc designs, and fabricates electrostatic oil dehydrators, oil dehydration treaters and desalters. AMR Process electrostatic oil dehydrators, oil dehydration treaters and desalter packages incorporate advanced engineering designs, high technology internals, and proven track records. AMR Process can supply the internals to local fabricators or full packages according to location and client specifications.

AMR Process offer various types of electrostatic oil dehydrators, treaters & desalters, and electrostatic field arrangements according to the process requirements.

• Electrostatic oil dehydrator & treater configurations:

  • Advanced Treater - vertical flow, horizontal vessel, electrostatic oil dehydrator.

  • Desalter - vertical flow, horizontal vessel, electrostatic oil dehydrator configured as single or double stage desalter.

  • Heater Treater - vertical flow, horizontal vessel electrostatic oil dehydrator with initial fire tube heating section.

  • Electro-Mechanical Treaters - horizontal vessel which combines combination of electrostatic grids, coalescing packs and initial fire tube heating section.

• Type of electrostatic fields:

  • AC-Plus - Single phase AC supply converted to single phase AC high voltage field.

  • AC-Direct - Single phase AC converted to DC high voltage field (AC/DC).

  • AC-Tri - "Scott" connection, three phase hook AC up converted to two phase AC high voltage field.

Electrostatic Field

The water molecule consists of a central oxygen atom with negative valence, and two hydrogen atoms with positive valance. This results in a molecule that is electronically polar. Normally the arrangement of the water molecules in the liquid phase is random. However, if the liquid phase is put in a high voltage electronic field, the water molecules will become directional with the negative oxygen atom pointed towards the positive potential. The conventional electrostatic field is an alternating field, powered by a voltage step up transformer. The electrodes are suspended in the oil phase of the dehydrator by insulating hangers. The low voltage side can be supplied to the voltage desired. AMR Process Inc transformers are supplied with 12/16/20/23/25 kV high voltage taps. Different high voltage taps are required to allow different voltage gradients to be applied to oil to find the most optimum coalescing voltage.

AC Field - In an AC field the field changes polarity and gradient according to the AC wave. In the AC field with the reversing potential and varying gradient, the water molecules vibrate due to their variation in shape from round to oval and back to round. This effectively breaks any stabilizing film, and the kinetic energy enhances coalesce. There is generally no movement of the droplets except in-place vibration, and no charge is transferred to the droplets.

DC Field - In a DC field the polarity remains constant. This allows the polar water molecule to become attracted and physically move towards the nearest electrode. As it touches the plate a transfer of electrons occur causing the water droplet to become charged and move toward the opposite electrode. This movement of a large number of water molecules, additionally attraction between two oppositely charged water molecules, causes a rapid increase in coalescence when compared to an AC field.

Types of Electrostatic Fields Provided

AC-Plus

The AC-Plus is often described as an "AC treater". The AC-Plus utilizes a single phase AC hook up which converts to a high voltage single phase AC. The AC-Plus field provides high reliability for high water content and low API oil. It is the "work horse" of the industry. This type of transformer configuration provides:

• Excellent emulsion breaking

• High inlet water contents

• Excellent operation with low API oils

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AC-Direct

The AC-Direct is often described as the "AC/DC treater". The AC-Direct (AC/DC) utilizes a single phase hook up which converts to a high voltage DC current. The AC-Direct (AC/DC) field provides higher efficiencies than the AC-Plus treater, providing higher grid rates and smaller vessels. It has some limitations on inlet water content and lower API oil. The advantage of the AC-Direct (AC/DC) field is:

• Higher efficiencies providing smaller vessels

• Lower capital costs

AC-Tri

This is an "AC treater" but with a "Scott" connection. The AC-Tri converts the three phase AC hook up to a two phase AC hook up. The advantages of the AC-Tri are:

• Balanced loading on electrical generation equipment

• Similar operating properties to the AC-Plus (AC) treater

Electrostatic Oil Dehydrator Configurations

AMR Process offers different types of oil dehydrator vessels required for different oil dehydration process applications.

Advanced Treater

The horizontal electrostatic oil dehydrator & treater is a sophisticated and efficient piece of oil dehydration equipment and is common world wide. With AMR Process Inc design enhancements our Advanced Treater provides enhanced oil dehydration capabilities.

Desalters

The presence of salt in the crude oil is a problem to the producer. It causes increased corrosion and will cause increased fouling of equipment and hinder certain chemical & physical reactions. Since the salt present in the oil is contained in the water phase, the removal of salt and water simultaneously by electrostatic oil dehydration is a simple solution. However, as we cannot remove all the water some salt will remain. Where high salt concentrations are present in the emulsion water phase, it would be necessary to dilute this with fresh water to lower the salt concentration before removing the water. Dilution water, which has low salinity, is used to lower the salt concentrations. Where dilution water needs to be conserved a two stage desalting process can be used.

Heater Treater

It is necessary to heat an emulsion prior to electrostatic oil dehydration in order to assist with breaking stabilized emulsions. This heating and electrostatic dehydration can be performed in a single vessel called a Heater Treater.

Electro-Mechanical Treater

This type of oil electrostatic treater utilizes, mechanical liquid/liquid coalescer plates with electrostatic oil dehydrator grids. It is effective for treating problematic emulsions.

AMR Process can offer advanced electrostatic oil dehydrator, treater and desalter designs to meet client's requirements. AMR Process can supply process designs or supply the complete package, according to end user location, fabrication location, or client preferences.